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A
AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science AACTE American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education AAHPERD
American
Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance AAHE American Association
for Health Education AASA American Association of School Administrators
AERA American Educational Research Association AFT American Federation of Teachers AIT Agency for Instructional Technology alternative assessment:
An assessment in which students originate a response to a task or
question. Such responses could include demonstrations, exhibits,
portfolios, oral presentations, or essays. analytical trait scoring:
A method for assigning a summary score to a product, performance,
or work sample based on a prior analysis that defined the key traits,
dimensions, or characteristics possessed by the class of objects
being scored. The object is scored independently against each dimension,
and a summary score is calculated following a set formula. The summary
score may be a simple total (or average) across dimensions, a weighted
total, or a more complex algorithm. An example might be the scoring
of a piece of persuasive writing on such traits as attention to
audience, correct use of grammar and punctuation, focus on the topic,
and persuasiveness of argument. ANSI
American
National Standards Institute APEG Adequate Planning for Education in ASCD
Association for Supervision and Curriculum
Development ATE Association of Teacher Educators authentic assessment:
An assessment presenting tasks that reflect the kind of mastery
demonstrated by experts. Authentic assessment of a student's ability
to solve problems, for example, would assess how effectively a student
solves a real problem. authentic task: School
assignment that has a real-world application. Such tasks bear a
strong resemblance to tasks performed in non-school settings (such
as the home, an organization, or the workplace) and require students
to apply a broad range of knowledge and skills. Often, they fill
a genuine need for the students and result in a tangible end product. Bbehaviorism: A theory
suggesting that learning occurs when an environmental stimulus triggers
a response or behavior. Based on classical conditioning theory,
behaviorism applies to educational practices that reward performance
behaviors to encourage repetition of those behaviors. Rote memorization
and drill-and-practice instruction are supported by behaviorist
theory. benchmark: Statement
that provides a description of student knowledge expected at specific
grades, ages, or developmental levels. Benchmarks often are used
in conjunction with standards. benchmark performances:
Performance examples against which other performances may be judged.
C
CCSSO Council of Chief State School Officers CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CES Comprehensive Evaluation System CEU Continuing Education Unit coaching: An instructional
method in which a teacher supports students as they perfect old
skills and acquire new skills. COE Certificate of Eligibility cognitive science: A
science investigating how people learn rather than what
they learn. Prior knowledge and out-of-classroom experience help
form the foundation on which teachers build effective instruction.
Also referred to as the study of the mind. cognitively guided instruction: An instructional strategy in which a teacher assesses what students already
know about a subject and then builds on students' prior knowledge.
Students typically are asked to suggest a way to represent a real
problem posed by the teacher. Guided questions, encouragement and
suggestions further encourage students to devise solutions and share
the outcome with the class. collaborative learning
or cooperative learning: An instructional approach
in which students of varying abilities and interests work together
in small groups to solve a problem, complete a project, or achieve
a common goal. constructivism: Theory
suggesting that students learn by constructing their own knowledge,
especially through hands-on exploration. It emphasizes that the
context in which an idea is presented, as well as student attitude
and behavior, affects learning. Students learn by incorporating
new information into what they already know. criterion-referenced assessment: An assessment that measures what a student understands, knows, or can
accomplish in relation to specific performance objectives. It is
used to identify a student's specific strengths and weaknesses in
relation to skills defined as the goals of the instruction, but
it does not compare students to other students. critical thinking: Logical
thinking that draws conclusions from facts and evidence. curriculum (plural curricula):
A plan of instruction that details what students are to know, how
they are to learn it, what the teacher's role is, and the context
in which learning and teaching will take place. CBA
Curriculum-Basic Assessment D
data-driven decision making: A process of making decisions about curriculum and instruction based
on the analysis of classroom data and standardized test data. Data-driven
decision making uses data on function, quantity and quality of inputs,
and how students learn to suggest educational solutions. It is based
on the assumption that scientific methods used to solve complex
problems in industry can effectively evaluate educational policy,
programs, and methods. DASH Division of Adolescent and School Health DFCS Department of Family and Children Services distance learning: Using technology such as two-way, interactive television, teacher and student(s) in different locations may communicate with one another as in a regular classroom setting. DYCS
Department of Children
and Youth Services E
EBD Emotional and Behavioral Disorder ECC Early Childhood Consultant ECE Early Childhood Education ECS Education Commission of the States ELG Education’s Leadership
Georgia ENC Eisenhower National Clearinghouse equity: The state of
educational impartiality and fairness in which all children—minorities
and nonminorities, males and females, successful students and those
who fall behind, students with special needs and students who have
been denied access in the past—receive a high-quality education
and have equal access to the services they need in order to benefit
from that education. ERIC Educational ESEA Elementary and Secondary Education Act ESL English as a Second Language ESOL English
to Speakers of Other Languages
ESPA Elementary and Secondary Principals Association ETS Educational Testing Service exhibition of mastery:
A type of assessment in which students display their grasp of knowledge
and skills using methods such as skits, video presentations, posters,
oral presentations, or portfolios. F
facilitator: A role for
classroom teachers that allows students to take a more active role
in learning. Teachers assist students in making connections between
classroom instruction and students' own knowledge and experiences
by encouraging students to create new solutions, by challenging
their assumptions, and by asking probing questions. F&RP Free and Reduced Price Policy FTE
Full-time Equivalent
Student FY Fiscal Year G
G-CASE Georgia Council of
Administrators of Special Education G-JOBS Jobs for Georgia Graduate GAAE GAC GACE Georgia Advisory Council on Education GAE GAEA Georgia Art Education
Association GAEL GAESP GAHPERD GFPHE GAMSP GAP GAPIE GAPT GASCD GASP GASSP GATE GAYC GBOE Georgia Board of Education GBST Georgia
Basic Skills Test GHSA GKAP Georgia Kindergarten Assessment
Program GMEA Georgia Music Education Association H
"hands-on/minds-on" activities: Activities that engage students' physical as well
as mental skills to solve problems. Students devise a solution strategy,
predict outcomes, activate or perform the strategy, reflect on results,
and compare end results with predictions. Health Literacy: decision-making, problem-solving, effective communication, self-initiated learning, and responsible citizenship. heterogeneous grouping:
Grouping together students of varying abilities, interests, or ages.
higher-order questions:
Questions that require thinking and reflection rather than single-solution
responses. higher-order thinking skills: Understanding complex concepts and applying sometimes conflicting information
to solve a problem, which may have more than one correct answer.
holistic scoring: Using
a scoring guide or anchor papers to assign a single overall score
to a performance. I
IAP Individual Accommodation Plan IDEA Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act IEP Individualized Education Program informal knowledge: Knowledge about a topic that children learn through experience outside of the classroom. inquiry: A process in
which students investigate a problem, devise and work through a
plan to solve the problem, and propose a solution to the problem.
interdiscipinary curriculum: A curriculum that consciously applies the methodology and language from
more than one discipline to examine a central theme, issue, problem,
topic, or experience. intermediate service agency (ISA) or intermediate unit (IU): Regional
centers or agencies established by some state governments to provide
needed services, assistance, and information to local schools and
districts. IRA
International
Reading Association IRI Informal ITBS IU Instructional Unit J
JOPERD Journal
of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance; the cornerstone
journal of AAHPERD
L
LBOE Local Board of Education LD Learning Disability learner-centered classroom: Classroom in which students are encouraged to choose their own learning goals and projects. This approach is based on the belief that students have a natural inclination to learn, learn better when they work on real or authentic tasks, benefit from interacting with diverse groups of people, and learn best when teachers understand and value the difference in how each student learns. LEP Limited English Proficiency "less is more":
A principle built on the idea that quality is of higher importance
than quantity. It is reflected in instruction that guides students
to focus on fewer topics investigated in greater depth, with teachers
performing the task of prioritizing subjects as well as specific
skills within those subjects. LRE Least
Restrictive Environment M
manipulative: Any physical
object (e.g., blocks, toothpicks, coins) that can be used to represent
or model a problem situation or develop a mathematical concept. matrix sampling: An assessment
method in which no student completes the entire assessment but each
completes a portion of the assessment. Portions are allotted to
different, representative samples of students. Group (rather than
individual) scores are obtained for an analysis of school or district
performance. MENC
National
Association for Music Education metacognition: The process
of considering and regulating one's own learning. Activities include
assessing or reviewing one's current and previous knowledge, identifying
gaps in that knowledge, planning gap-filling strategies, determining
the relevance of new information, and potentially revising beliefs
on the subject. MCE Middle
Childhood Education MID Mild Intellectual Disability MIMH Mildly Mentally Handicapped MoID Moderately Mentally Handicapped N
NAEA National Art Education
Association NAEP National Assessment of Educational Progress NAEYC National Association for the Education of Young Children NASBE National Association for State Boards of Education NASDC New American Schools Development
Corporation NASPE National
Association for Sport and Physical Education NCADI National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information NCAL
NCATE National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher
Education NCES
NCTE National Council of Teachers of English NCTM National Council of Teachers of Mathematics NEA National Education Association new math: The teaching
of highly abstract and conceptual math, which was popular during
the early 1960s. NGA National Governors Association norm-referenced assessment: An assessment designed to discover how an individual student's performance
or test result compares to that of an appropriate peer group. NSDC National Staff Development Council NSTA National Science Teachers Association O
OERI Office of Educational Research and Improvement
( open-ended question:
A question that has many avenues of access and allows students to
respond in a variety of ways. Such questions have more than one
correct answer. open-ended task: A performance
task in which students are required to generate a solution or response
to a problem when there is no single correct answer. open-response task: A
performance task in which students are required to generate an answer
rather than select an answer from among several possible answers,
but there is a single correct response. outcome-based education:
An integrated system of educational programs that aligns specific
student outcomes, instructional methods, and assessment. P
PAC Public Advisory Council PAC Political Action Committee PAGE Professional Association of PEP Grant: The Carol M. White Physical Education Program grant (84.215F).
Designed for local educational agencies and community-based
organizations with innovative approaches to health and physical
activity that will equip students with knowledge to be healthy and
physically active for a lifetime. performance assessment: Systematic and direct observation of a student performance or examples of student performances and ranking according to preestablished performance criteria. Students are assessed on the result as well as the process engaged in a complex task or creation of a product. performance criteria:
A description of the characteristics to be assessed for a given
task. Performance criteria may be general, specific, analytical
trait, or holistic. They may be expressed as a scoring rubric or
scoring guide. performance task: An
assessment exercise that is goal directed. The exercise is developed
to elicit students' application of a wide range of skills and knowledge
to solve a complex problem. PID Profound Intellectual Disability portfolio assessment:
An assessment process that is based on the collection of student
work (such as written assignments, drafts, artwork, and presentations)
that represents competencies, exemplary work, or the student's developmental
progress. PPC Professional Practices prior knowledge: The
total of an individual's knowledge at any given time. problem solving: A method
of learning in which students evaluate their thinking and progress
while solving problems. The process includes strategy discussion--determining
solution strategies to similar problems and pinpointing additional
problems within the context of their investigation. PSC Professional Standards
Commission PTA Parent Teacher Association PTO Parent Teacher Organization
Q
QCC Quality Core Curriculum
R
R&D research and
development RD&D research, development,
and dissemination reliability: An indicator
of score consistency over time or across multiple evaluators. Reliable
assessment is one in which the same answers receive the same score
regardless of who performs the scoring or how or where the scoring
takes place. The same person is likely to get approximately the
same score across multiple test administrations. rubrics: Specific criteria
or guidelines used to evaluate student work. S
scaffolding: An instructional
technique in which the teacher breaks a complex task into smaller
tasks, models the desired learning strategy or task, provides support
as students learn to do the task, and then gradually shifts responsibility
to the students. In this manner, a teacher enables students to accomplish
as much of a task as possible without adult assistance. scale: The range of scores
possible for the student to achieve on a test or an assessment. Performance assessments typically
use a 4- to 6-point scale, compared to a scale of 100 or more with
traditional multiple-choice tests. scientific knowledge:
Knowledge that provides people with the conceptual and technological
tools to explain and describe how the world works. scoring guide: A set
of guidelines for rating student work. A scoring guide describes
what is being assessed, provides a scoring scale, and helps the
teacher or rater correctly place work on the scale. SDU Staff Development Unit SEA state education agency (e.g., state department of education) standardized tests: Assessments
that are administered and scored in exactly the same way for all
students. Traditional standardized tests are typically mass-produced
and machine-scored; they are designed to measure skills and knowledge
that are thought to be taught to all students in a fairly standardized
way. Performance assessments also can be standardized if they are
administered and scored in the same way for all students. standards: Statements
of what students should know and be able to demonstrate. Various
standards have been developed by national organizations, state departments
of education, districts, and schools. Strategies:
Journal sponsored by
NASPE offering health and physical education professional practice
and how-to articles at all levels. student assistance program: A school-based program, modeled on employee assistance programs, that
focuses on addressing students' behavior and performance at school
and includes a referral process to help students address identified
problems. SWAG Social Workers Association
of systemic reform: Change
that occurs in all aspects and levels of the educational process
and that impacts all stakeholders within the process—students, teachers,
parents, administrators, and community members—with implications
for all components, including curriculum, assessment, professional
development, instruction, and compensation. T
TAP Test of Achievement and Proficiency TCT Teacher Certification Test teaching for understanding: A teaching method that focuses on the process of understanding as the goal of learning rather than simply the development of specific skills. It focuses on forming connections and seeing relationships among facts, procedures, concepts, and principles, and between prior and new knowledge. technology: In education,
a branch of knowledge based on the development and implementation
of computers, software, and other technical tools, and the assessment
and evaluation of students' educational outcomes resulting from
their use of technology tools. TECSCU Teacher Education
Council of TESOL Teachers
of English to Speakers of Other Languages traditional assessment:
An assessment in which students select responses from a multiple-choice
list, a true/false list, or a matching list. V
validity: An indication
that an assessment instrument consistently measures what it is designed
to measure, excluding extraneous features from such measurement.
VI Visual Impairment Y
YAC Youth Advisory
council
Z
zone of proximal development: A level or range in which a student can perform a task with help. |
