The idea behind an FBA is that behaviors do not occur in a vacuum, but is a result of a number of factors which follow the A-B-C formula:
A Antecedent The environment or context in which the behavior occurs
B Behavior The behavior itself, operationally defined
C Consequence What happens following the behavior
Student variables, including student skills, thinking, feelings and health, also influence behavior and the A-B-C formula.
What an FBA does essentially is look at the A-B-C chain in the following manner:
| Identify the target (trouble) behavior | |
| Operationally define the target behavior | |
| Identify the environments in which the behavior occurs | |
| Collect data to determine the relationship between the environment and the occurrence of the behavior | |
| Analyze the data to determine what goal (or function) the behavior is serving for the student |
There are numerous approaches to the actual data collection and analysis of an FBA. See the section on Resources on FBAs for more specific information and tools for conducting FBAs.